1.貧窮的相對與絕對定義的差異性?各自的優缺點為何? 2.關於貧窮現象社會工作者扮演什麼樣的角色?

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Poverty is the lack of a certain amount of material possessions or money.[1] Absolute poverty or destitution is inability to afford basic human needs， which commonly includes clean and fresh water， nutrition， health care， education， clothing and shelter. About 1.7 billion people are estimated to live in absolute poverty today. Relative poverty refers to lacking a usual or socially acceptable level of resources or income as compared with others within a society or country.....

Definitions
Fundamentally， poverty is a denial of choices and opportunities， a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to feed and clothe a family， not having a school or clinic to go to， not having the land on which to grow one’s food or a job to earn one’s living， not having access to credit. It means insecurity， powerlessness and exclusion of individuals， households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence， and it often implies living in marginal or fragile environments， without access to clean water or sanitation.
—United Nations[4]
Poverty is pronounced deprivation in well-being， and comprises many dimensions. It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for survival with dignity. Poverty also encompasses low levels of health and education， poor access to clean water and sanitation， inadequate physical security， lack of voice， and insufficient capacity and opportunity to better one’s life.
—World Bank[5]

Absolute poverty
Poverty is usually measured as either absolute or relative poverty (the latter being actually an index of income inequality). Absolute poverty refers to a set standard which is consistent over time and between countries. The World Bank defines extreme poverty as living on less than US $1.25 (PPP) per day， and moderate poverty as less than $2 or $5 a day (but note that a person or family with access to subsistence resources， e.g. subsistence farmers， may have a low cash income without a correspondingly low standard of living – they are not living "on" their cash income but using it as a top up). It estimates that "in 2001， 1.1 billion people had consumption levels below $1 a day and 2.7 billion lived on less than $2 a day."[6] A dollar a day， in nations that do not use the U.S. dollar as currency， does not translate to living a day on the amount of local currency as determined by the exchange rate.[7] Rather， it is determined by the purchasing power parity， which would look at how much local currency is needed to buy the same things that a dollar could buy in the United States.[7] Usually， this would translate to less local currency than the exchange rate in poorer countries as the United States is a more expensive country.[7
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Relative poverty
Relative poverty views poverty as socially defined and dependent on social context， hence relative poverty is a measure of income inequality. Usually， relative poverty is measured as the percentage of population with income less than some fixed proportion of median income. There are several other different income inequality metrics， for example the Gini coefficient or the Theil Index.
Relative poverty measures are used as official poverty rates in several developed countries. As such these poverty statistics measure inequality rather than material deprivation or hardship. The measurements are usually based on a person's yearly income and frequently take no account of total wealth. The main poverty line used in the OECD and the European Union is based on "economic distance"， a level of income set at 60% of the median household income.[21]
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維基百科


2005年高普特考  "何謂貧窮"


課程與社會資訊--貧窮與社會工作


齊美爾的玫瑰： 貨幣、貧窮與社會工作


題名/著者 社會工作者的貧窮意象 = The poverty image of social workers / 張君培撰 
出版項 民98.07 
稽核項 270面 : 圖 ; 30公分 

題名/著者 貧窮.文化與社會工作 : 脫貧行動的理論與實務 / 王篤強著 
版次 一版 
出版項 臺北市 : 洪葉文化， 2007.03 
稽核項 314面 : 圖 ; 21公分 
ISBN 9789867553966 (平裝) : NT$320