中國國劇中將軍身後穿上很多根的大型三角旗，臺灣一些道教的宮廟神祈中也有這些同樣造型！ 請問： 1.那些大型三角旗到底有多大〈正確尺寸為何〉？ 2.大型三角旗是什麼意義作何用？ 3.中國什麼朝代開始將軍身後穿上很多根的大型三角旗又什麼朝代結束？

您好
相關問題， 敬覆如下.

靠旗有一定的規格， 其尺寸大小本館請教
國立臺灣戲曲學院京劇系的吳德服老師
經丈量的結果， 靠旗為三角形， 旗杆的那邊為 62 公分， 底為 70 公分， 斜邊為 85 公分.
男、女角的靠旗大小相同. 
只有少數淨角(花臉)， 如張飛， 其靠旗略大一點.

謝謝吳德服老師的解答.


靠旗
京劇傳統服裝靠的附件. 是四面三角形旗子. 由靠杆， 背虎殼， 靠枕， 靠繩組合而成， 扎在演員背部. 
上繡龍， 海水等圖案， 每面旗頂端附有一條與旗面異色的飄帶. 它是由古代將帥作戰時用以發號施
令的令旗演變而來. 京劇老藝人夏月潤， 使用過八面靠旗， 象徵八面威風， 後又改用四面.
"京劇文化詞典"， 上海: 漢語大詞典出版社， 2001， p.67

靠：又名「甲」。源於明、清時代將官之綿甲戎服。傳統戲曲中武將的裝束。靠分前後兩塊，滿繡魚鱗等紋樣。圓領、緊袖，腿部有護腿，為「靠牌」（也叫「靠腿」）；背間有一虎頭形硬皮殼，叫「虎背殼」；虎背殼上可插四面三角形小旗，叫靠旗；領口有靠領，稱「三尖領」。靠又有軟硬之分，不用靠旗的叫「軟靠」。顏色分為上五色、下五色，根據劇中人物的年齡、性格、臉譜而區分服裝的顏色。如黑臉譜的用黑色靠，紅臉譜的用綠色靠，英俊武生、武小生用白色靠等。女將所穿的「女靠」，自腰至足綴有彩色飄帶數十根，內穿襯裙。「靠」的服裝造型具有很強的視覺效果，它莊重大方，賦予人物以威武氣慨，極度的誇張與變形，為演員高難度的技藝表演，提供了造型上的憑藉。而四面靠旗的運用，形成了整體服飾向外延伸和擴展的感覺，也更襯托出武將的高大與英武。
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有關扇子的資料，答復如下：

一、
扇子
……16世紀初﹐中國摺扇傳入歐洲……18世紀﹐法國大量進口中國的竹扇骨﹐在巴黎組裝﹑生產摺扇﹐使巴黎成為歐洲製扇手工藝的中心……17世紀末﹐中國摺扇傳入英國……

資料來源：
中國大百科全書 智慧藏

二、
……而根據現有的資料來看，從十六世紀開始，來自東方的扇子就已經在歐洲零星出現，而自從十七世紀開始，扇子就以新鮮而普遍的姿態在歐洲的社會蔚為一股流行的風潮，尤其是可以收放自如，攜帶輕巧的摺扇……一方面，由於摺扇從東方經由貿易被引進歐洲，導致固定型式的扇子的市場在歐洲逐漸萎縮，扇子工藝開始轉變為以摺扇為主流……

資料來源：
揖讓月在手，動搖風滿懷--十七到十九世紀歐洲的扇子風潮 
曾肅良 
（ 全文請自行連線查看 ）

三、
……In Europe during the Middle Ages the fan virtually disappeared until the 13th and 14th cent.， when fans from the Middle East were brought back by Crusaders and became fashionable for the wealthy. After 1500 the fan became generally popular……In c.1600 the folding fan， developed in medieval Japan and introduced into Europe by way of China， became popular……The fan reached a high degree of artistry， especially in France， in the 17th and 18th cent……【歐洲在中世紀幾乎不見扇子，直到13與14世紀時，才由十字軍從中東帶回扇子……在1600年左右，起源於日本的摺扇，經由中國流傳到歐洲】

資料來源：
fan 
The Columbia Encyclopedia， Sixth Edition | 2008


四、

Hand fans were reintroduced to Europe in the 13th century and 14th century. Fans from the Middle East were brought back by Crusaders. In the 15th century， Portuguese traders brought fans to Europe from China and Japan. Fans became generally popular. 
【手扇於13與14世紀流傳於歐洲，中東扇子被十字軍帶回了歐洲，中國扇子與日本扇子則由葡萄牙商人帶到歐洲 】

Fan (implement)
資料來源：
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